Architecture
Vikings would often make camp and build their villages on headlands and islands, which were more easily defendable from land-based armies. They would use easily repairable materials built with common resources they could access. Such resources include wood, fur & animal fibres and iron.
Language
The Viking peoples could read and write and used a non-standardized alphabet built upon sound values. The language spoken by the language is known as Old Norse, however the language no longer exists. While there are few remains of runic writing on paper from the Viking era, thousands of stones with runic inscriptions have been found where Vikings lived. They are usually in memory of the dead, though not necessarily placed at graves.
Landscape
Scotland is known for its lucious green inlands, and its symbolic cliff bounded coasts. In general, the west of Scotland is usually warmer than the east, owing to the influence of Atlantic ocean currents and the colder surface temperatures of the North Sea. Scotland's wildlife is typical of the north west of Europe, although several of the larger mammals such as the lynx, brown bear, wolf, elk and walrus were hunted to extinction in historic times.
Weaponry
Our knowledge about the arms and armour of the Viking age is based on relatively sparse archaeological finds.According to custom, all free Norse men were required to own weapons and were permitted to carry them all the time. These arms were indicative of a Viking's social status: a wealthy Viking would have a complete ensemble of a helmet, shield, chainmail shirt, and sword. A typical bóndi (freeman) was more likely to fight with a spear and shield, and most also carried a seax as a utility knife and side-arm. Bows were used in the opening stages of land battles and at sea, but they tended to be considered less "honourable" than a melee weapon. Vikings were relatively unusual for the time in their use of axes as a main battle weapon.
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